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Definition

Represents the abstract base class from which all implementations of the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) must inherit.

A strong AES key will be 16, 24, or 32 bytes long. If you restrict the key to bytes that map to printable US-ASCII characters, the key will be weaker than expected, because its range is limited (to about 100 bits, rather than 128—many millions of times weaker). I am trying to do decryption in Node.js and encryption in C# with AES CBC 256. I have 16 byte key. I need 32 byte for AES CBC 256 method in Node.js. I tried using Buffer.alloc(32,16-byte-key). Hex is very popular, turning each byte into two characters. Base64 which turns 6 bits into one char is a common alternative. Now SHA-256 returns 32 bytes of binary data. If you use hex encoding on that, you get 64 chars. AES-128 takes a 16 byte key, which corresponds to 32 characters in hex encoding. Next we get to your key derivation issues.

Inheritance

Derived

Examples

The following example demonstrates how to encrypt and decrypt sample data by using the Aes class.

Constructors

Aes()

Initializes a new instance of the Aes class.

Fields

BlockSizeValue	Represents the block size, in bits, of the cryptographic operation. (Inherited from SymmetricAlgorithm)
FeedbackSizeValue	Represents the feedback size, in bits, of the cryptographic operation. (Inherited from SymmetricAlgorithm)
IVValue	Represents the initialization vector (IV) for the symmetric algorithm. (Inherited from SymmetricAlgorithm)
KeySizeValue	Represents the size, in bits, of the secret key used by the symmetric algorithm. Oct 06, 2019  Many serial numbers for Watch Dogs provided online but you have to pay. But here we will give you the Watch Dogs CD key generator for free. We have many visitors looking for the Watch Dogs Key generator which is our place, and you will be able to download it immediately without any scanning. Some Keywords: Watch Dogs. Watch Dogs PS4 Keygen. Without any further wait, we introduce to you Watch Dogs Key Generator, be able to play Watch Dogs free! Currently, this generator creates Watch Dogs unique keys which can be used only once. All keys are guaranteed to work. After downloading it, open it and click on generate button to generate your unique Watch Dogs activation key. May 07, 2018  Watch Dogs Serial Key Generator PC Xbox One PS4.After that open Watch Dogs Serial Key Generator and click Generate button to get your Watch Dogs Key. Here is the only place where you can download Watch Dogs Serial Key Number for free. Every Watch Dogs activation code is working for PC Xbox One PS4 version of the game. (Inherited from SymmetricAlgorithm)
KeyValue	Represents the secret key for the symmetric algorithm. (Inherited from SymmetricAlgorithm)
LegalBlockSizesValue	Specifies the block sizes, in bits, that are supported by the symmetric algorithm. (Inherited from SymmetricAlgorithm)
LegalKeySizesValue	Specifies the key sizes, in bits, that are supported by the symmetric algorithm. (Inherited from SymmetricAlgorithm)
ModeValue	Represents the cipher mode used in the symmetric algorithm. (Inherited from SymmetricAlgorithm)
PaddingValue	Represents the padding mode used in the symmetric algorithm. (Inherited from SymmetricAlgorithm)

Properties

BlockSize	Gets or sets the block size, in bits, of the cryptographic operation. (Inherited from SymmetricAlgorithm)
FeedbackSize	Gets or sets the feedback size, in bits, of the cryptographic operation for the Cipher Feedback (CFB) and Output Feedback (OFB) cipher modes. (Inherited from SymmetricAlgorithm)
IV	Gets or sets the initialization vector (IV) for the symmetric algorithm. (Inherited from SymmetricAlgorithm)
Key	Gets or sets the secret key for the symmetric algorithm. (Inherited from SymmetricAlgorithm)
KeySize	Gets or sets the size, in bits, of the secret key used by the symmetric algorithm. (Inherited from SymmetricAlgorithm)
LegalBlockSizes	Gets the block sizes, in bits, that are supported by the symmetric algorithm.
LegalKeySizes	Gets the key sizes, in bits, that are supported by the symmetric algorithm.
Mode	Gets or sets the mode for operation of the symmetric algorithm. (Inherited from SymmetricAlgorithm)
Padding	Gets or sets the padding mode used in the symmetric algorithm. (Inherited from SymmetricAlgorithm)

Methods

Clear()	Releases all resources used by the SymmetricAlgorithm class. (Inherited from SymmetricAlgorithm)
Create()	Creates a cryptographic object that is used to perform the symmetric algorithm.
Create(String)	Creates a cryptographic object that specifies the implementation of AES to use to perform the symmetric algorithm.
CreateDecryptor()	Creates a symmetric decryptor object with the current Key property and initialization vector (IV). (Inherited from SymmetricAlgorithm)
CreateDecryptor(Byte[], Byte[])	When overridden in a derived class, creates a symmetric decryptor object with the specified Key property and initialization vector (IV). (Inherited from SymmetricAlgorithm)
CreateEncryptor()	Creates a symmetric encryptor object with the current Key property and initialization vector (IV). (Inherited from SymmetricAlgorithm)
CreateEncryptor(Byte[], Byte[])	When overridden in a derived class, creates a symmetric encryptor object with the specified Key property and initialization vector (IV). (Inherited from SymmetricAlgorithm)
Dispose()	Releases all resources used by the current instance of the SymmetricAlgorithm class. (Inherited from SymmetricAlgorithm)
Dispose(Boolean)	Releases the unmanaged resources used by the SymmetricAlgorithm and optionally releases the managed resources. (Inherited from SymmetricAlgorithm)
Equals(Object)	Determines whether the specified object is equal to the current object. (Inherited from Object)
GenerateIV()	When overridden in a derived class, generates a random initialization vector (IV) to use for the algorithm. (Inherited from SymmetricAlgorithm)
GenerateKey()	When overridden in a derived class, generates a random key (Key) to use for the algorithm. (Inherited from SymmetricAlgorithm)
GetHashCode()	Serves as the default hash function. (Inherited from Object)
GetType()	Gets the Type of the current instance. (Inherited from Object)
MemberwiseClone()	Creates a shallow copy of the current Object. (Inherited from Object)
ToString()	Returns a string that represents the current object. (Inherited from Object)
ValidKeySize(Int32)	Determines whether the specified key size is valid for the current algorithm. (Inherited from SymmetricAlgorithm)

Explicit Interface Implementations

IDisposable.Dispose()

Releases the unmanaged resources used by the SymmetricAlgorithm and optionally releases the managed resources. (Inherited from SymmetricAlgorithm)

Applies to

I was looking for some simple examples of using AES symmetric encryption to encrypt and decrypt data in C#. Though there are some very helpful resources out there, what I needed were basic routines that:
– Take clear text and key as byte arrays and return encrypted text as a byte array.
– Take encrypted text and key as byte arrays and return clear text as a byte array.

The most informative resources I found were:
– .NET Security blog: Generating a key from a password.
This covers, and explains, the key generation code very well. I.e. how to convert a pass phrase into a secure key for symmetric encryption.
– .NET documentation for the AESManaged class.
Describes available methods and has a complete AES example which disposes of object correctly.

Since neither reference had exactly what I needed, I combined elements from both to create the following example routines which encrypt and decrypt byte arrays, using an AES key size of 256:

using System.Security.Cryptography;
using System.IO;

private byte[] AESEncryptBytes(byte[] clearBytes, byte[] passBytes, byte[] saltBytes)
{
byte[] encryptedBytes = null;

// create a key from the password and salt, use 32K iterations – see note
var key = new Rfc2898DeriveBytes(passBytes, saltBytes, 32768);

// create an AES object
using (Aes aes = new AesManaged())
{
// set the key size to 256
aes.KeySize = 256;
aes.Key = key.GetBytes(aes.KeySize / 8);
aes.IV = key.GetBytes(aes.BlockSize / 8);
using (MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream())
{
using (CryptoStream cs = new CryptoStream(ms, aes.CreateEncryptor(),
CryptoStreamMode.Write))
{
cs.Write(clearBytes, 0, clearBytes.Length);
cs.Close();
}
encryptedBytes = ms.ToArray();
}
}
return encryptedBytes;
}

private byte[] AESDecryptBytes(byte[] cryptBytes, byte[] passBytes, byte[] saltBytes)
{
byte[] clearBytes = null;

Aes 32 Byte Key Generator Online

// create a key from the password and salt, use 32K iterations
var key = new Rfc2898DeriveBytes(passBytes, saltBytes, 32768);

Aes 32 Byte Key Generator Free

using (Aes aes = new AesManaged())
{
// set the key size to 256
aes.KeySize = 256;
aes.Key = key.GetBytes(aes.KeySize / 8);
aes.IV = key.GetBytes(aes.BlockSize / 8);

using (MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream())
{
using (CryptoStream cs = new CryptoStream(ms, aes.CreateDecryptor(), CryptoStreamMode.Write))
{
cs.Write(cryptBytes, 0, cryptBytes.Length);
cs.Close();
}
clearBytes = ms.ToArray();
}
}
return clearBytes;
}

Note the routines take a salt argument in addition to a password. Enforcing the use of a salt makes for a more secure password hash. The salt argument can be any data of at least 8 bytes. For testing you could hardcode it; how you generate it depends on your application requirements.

The key in the example above is created using Rfc2898DeriveBytes which implements Password-Based Key Derivation Function 2 (PBKDF2) – an RSA standard for secure key derivation. I’ve not seen any definitive guidelines on the number of iterations to use, but keep in mind the following:

– The initial standard, written in 2000, recommended 1000 iterations.
– More iterations make a key more secure, up to a point (i.e. millions).
– As CPU speeds get faster, the number of iterations need to increase to maintain the same level of security.
– Key generation takes noticeably longer as you increase the number of iterations.

In my example I somewhat arbitrarily chose 32768 iterations as the highest number that doesn’t cause much noticeable lag during key generation when the program is run.

Suppose you want to use these routines to encrypt/decrypt strings instead of byte arrays? You could change the routines directly, or write wrappers to convert the strings before calling them like this:

private string AESEncryptString(string clearText, string passText, string saltText)
{
byte[] clearBytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(clearText);
byte[] passBytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(passText);
byte[] saltBytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(saltText);

return Convert.ToBase64String(AESEncryptBytes(clearBytes, passBytes, saltBytes));
}

private string AesDecryptString(string cryptText, string passText, string saltText)
{
byte[] cryptBytes = Convert.FromBase64String(cryptText);
byte[] passBytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(passText);
byte[] saltBytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(saltText);

return Encoding.UTF8.GetString(AESDecryptBytes(cryptBytes, passBytes, saltBytes));
}

As an example, here’s a program I wrote that uses these routines, a password vault for Windows desktop called Keyache: https://github.com/gbowerman/KeyCache.

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